| Roman Empire | Roman Gaul | |
|---|---|---|
| -850 | First Iron Age (or Hallstatt culture) | |
| -753 | Roman Monarchy | |
| -753 | Rome founded by Romulus | |
| -753 | Reign of Romulus | |
| -600 | Marseille founded by the Phoenicians | |
| -535 | Reign of Tarquinius Superbus | |
| -450 | Second Iron Age (La Tène culture) | |
| -509 | Roman Republic | |
| -390 | Sack of Rome | |
| -200 | Development of fortified hilltop settlements ( | |
| -146 | Destruction of Carthage | |
| -122 | Rome occupies | |
| -121 | Organisation of | |
| -118 | is renamed | |
| 80 | Dictatorship of Lucius Cornelius Sulla | |
| -76 | Marcus Fonteius serves as | |
| -52 | Julius Caesar defeats Vercingetorix at Alesia, completing his conquest of Gaul | |
| -49 | Julius Caesar lays siege to and conquers Massilia (Marseille) during the Roman Civil War | |
| -43 | Founding of Lugdunum (Lyon) | |
| -39 | First visit by Octavius | |
| -36 | Foundation of colonies for veterans at Béziers and Orange | |
| -31 | Roman Civil War | |
| -49 | Caesar defeats Pompey | |
| -44 | Caesar assassinated in Rome | |
| -31 | Battle of Actium. Octavius defeats Antony and Cleopatra; Egypt becomes a Roman province | |
| -27 | Administrative organisation of the province of | |
| -27 | Early Roman Empire | |
| -27 | Octavius takes the name Augustus and becomes the first Roman emperor | |
| -20 | Revolt of Florus and Sacrovir | |
| -16 | Augustus has a wall constructed around the colony of Nîmes | |
| -15 | Augustus visits Lyon, capital of Gaul. Organisation of the Gallic provinces of | |
| 9 | The defeat of Varus and the end of the conquest of | |
| 14 | Death of Augustus. Tiberius becomes emperor. | |
| 43 | Roman conquest of Britain under Claudius | |
| 48 | Claudius wins permission from the Senate for elites from the Three Gauls to become Roman magistrates | |
| 54 | Reign of Nero | |
| 68 | Revolt of Vindex against Nero | |
| 68 | First crisis of the Empire | |
| 70 | Revolt of Civilis | |
| 77 | Vespasian gives the proconsul in | |
| 81 | Reign of Domitian | |
| 92 | Domitian's edict ordering the elimination of half of the grapevines in the provinces appears to have no effect | |
| 98 | Reign of Trajan | |
| 117 | Reign of Hadrian | |
| 0 | Pax Romana | |
| 193 | Late Roman Empire (Late Antiquity) | |
| 212 | Edict of Caracalla granting full Roman citizenship to all free men in the Roman Empire | |
| 235 | Military uprising, first waves of Germanic invasions. Persecutions against Christians | |
| 260 | The Gallic Empire | |
| 270 | Barbarian raids and political strife affect southern Gaul | |
| 284 | Diocletian becomes emperor | |
| 293 | Diocletian introduces the Tetrarchy | |
| 307 | Trèves, capital of Gaul | |
| 306 | Reign of Constantine | |
| 313 | Edict of Milan promulgated by the emperor Constantine proclaiming religious toleration in the Roman Empire | |
| 314 | First Christian council held at Arles | |
| 330 | Founding of Constantinople | |
| 337 | The first Christian emperor | |
| 361 | Reign of Julian | |
| 395 | Arles, capital of Gauls | |
| 396 | The prefecture for Gaul is transferred to Arles | |
| 395 | Division of Roman Empire into East and West | |
| 410 | Rome captured by the Goths | |
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